Combination freight and dump car.



PATENTED OG T. 30, 1906.

A. LIPSCHUTZ. COMBINATION FREIGHT AND DUMP GAR.

PPLIUATION FILED MAY 18. 19037 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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N. 834,823. PATENTED 00T. 30', 1906.

A. LIP'SCHUTZ.

COMBINATION FREIGHT AND DUMP GAR. APPLIUATION FILED uns, 1903.

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N.0.'a34,823. l PATENTBD OCT. 30,1906. A. L1PsoHuTz.

COMBINATION FREIGHT AND DUMP CAR..

PBLIUATION FILED nu 1a. 1903.

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UNITED STATES 4PATENT ,OFFICE ARTHUR NLIPSCHUTZ, OF ST.\LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO NATIONAL .COAL DUMP CAR COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

COMBINATION FREIGHT AND DUNlP CAR.

No. '834,823. p

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 3o, 190e.

Application led May 18, 1903. Serial No. 157,694:-i

the construction, increase the capacity and strength, and lessen theweight of dumpcars and to provide a car which shall be capable of theuses of an ordinary freightcar in addition to possessing the utility of the most modern `dump-cars.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a car that shall `be practically selfcleaningy and which shall-'have a level flat bottom when all of its doors are` in their normal positions, so that the car will accomodate any sort of freight, being unobstructed by ridges, depressions, or hoppers.

Another vobject of the invention is to provide a dump-car which shall have a uniform cross-section from end to end with a view to avoiding any diminutionof load capacity as comparedwith ordinary solid-bottom gon- .dola or freight cars.

Another object ofthe invention isv to provide a combination freight .and dump car that may take the form of a flat-car, a coalcar, a coke-car, or a box-car without m0diii` cation or alteration in its yunderframing or iioor.

Another object of the invention is to provide a car of the class described which though having a bottom or-floor substantially all of which-is arrangedto be dropped down shall be of great strength to carry a maximum load and withstand the heavy bumping and pulling strains to whichvsuch cars are subjected.

Another object'of the invention is to pro-L vide a dump-car that may be safely traversed by the trainmen or workmen when the drop-doors are open.

A particular object of the invention is to provide a combination-car which shall have an all-steel underframe and a superstructure having a steel base, but otherwise preferably composed of wood.

Another particular object of the invention is to provide a combined freight and dump car having a level floor and in which the weight of the load shall be rincipally sustained `by the center sill, w -ch rests upon the bolsters or transoms.

Another object of the invention is to provide a car that shall be constructed of plates `and shapes obtainable in the open market ,andh to avoid the employment of special shapes and `pressed forms. p

Another object of the inventionis to rovide a car of the class described which s all be free from external projections upon its sides, a distinct purpose also being to provide a car of maximum inside width.

My invention consists generally in a combined freight and dump car body comprising the bolsters or transoms in combination with a center sill framed with said bolsters and having a wide fiat top, suitable cross-beams, including end beams, suitable side sills, and a plurality of doors occupying the spaces between the several beams and sills.

as hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specifica.- tion, and in whichp Figure 1 is a side elevation cfa combined freight and dump car embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is la longitudinal vertical section substantially on the line of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged end Vview of the car. Fig. 5.is a similarly-enlarged vvertical cross-section substantially on the irregular line y y of Fig. 2 corresponding to the planes of the lines 'y y of Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a similar view on the line .e z of Fig. 2 with the drop-doors removed. Fig. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectionaledetail on the line u u of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a lsectional view on the line of u o of Fig.- 7. Fig.. `9 is a plan view of the parts shown inFigs. 7 and 8; and Figs. 10` and 11 are respectively a vertical section and a side view of a portion of the c ar, showing a modification of the ver- IOS the class mentioned are substantially these:

First, a perfectly level floor-that is, a floor vwithout obstructions or depressions; second,

vertical sides and ends that may be reduced or increased in height according to the use to which the car is to be put; third, a car-body of the same length as the underframe, whereby loss of load capacity is avoided as compared with those cars in which the car-body is located between the ends of the underframe, starting at a considerable distance from said ends; fourth, drop-doors by which substantially the entire load of the car can be dumped without shoveling; fifth, doors of great size that will permit the passage of large rocks or chunks of ore or coal; sixth, few convertible parts, none, if possible, aside from the doors which constitute the floor; seventh, adaptability for use as flat, coal, coke, or box car without reference to the character of the car-floor; eighth, simple and strong floor construction having drop parts which at all times normally enter into the floor structure-that is, parts which are at no time extra or superfluous members, their functions being constant without reference to the character of the load; ninth, strength to withstand heavy bumping and pulling strains in addition to great carrying strength; tenth, freedom from danger to train hands or workmen, who are frequently injured while attempting to traverse cars having the ordinary irregular bottoms; eleventh, lightness and consequent reduction ofthe dead-weight to be hauled twelfth, freedom from external irregularities or projections that are danger- 011s in themselves and tend to increase the damage done in case of a wreck, and, finally, great simplicity and economy of construction.

While other combination-cars may and have possessed onevor more of the features and functions above enumerated, each contains objectionable features, such as elevated or inclined ends or licor-ridges or a reduced body or permanent level-floor parts or convertible tilting-Hoor parts, all of which either reduce the load capacity of the car or restrict the load to certain materials, reducing the earning capacity of the caras a unit or largely increasing the cost of constructing and; maintaining the car. The ordinary combination freight and dump cars are also objectionable by reason of their great weight. I conceive that the greatest number of desirable features and advantages attainable in a single car may be secured through simplification of car construction rather than by the addition of unique unusual structures or convertible movable members. My invention proceeds upon this conception, and the gist of the invention resides in the combination of suitable bolsters or transoms with a wide flattopped center sill, suitable cross beams or sills parallel with said holsters, suitable side sills or girders which, in effect, are load-inclosing parts only, and two sets of drop-doors, each extending from end to end of the car and said doors being normally in the plane of the top of said center sill. The invention proceeds further and includes novel side members composed of rolled shapes that are made to serve as the base of the car-body superstructure and help retain the load.

The maincarrying members of this car are the bolsters or transoms and the heavy centerl sill, and these are essential elements of the novel underframe. Together they support the load between and .over the trucks.

In the drawings I have shown only half of the car, same being suflicient for a clear unl derstandingof the invention. There are two bolsters or transoms, one over each truck 2 and each of which comprises two deep tr-ansom-plates 2', truss-shaped and joined on the bottom by the angle-bars 22 and the curved bottom plate 23. At the tops of the transom-plates 2` are the straight angle-bars 24, and said tops are final-ly joined by the transverse floor-plate 3, which will be more fully described hereinafter. The inner side of the bolster is provided with an intermediate gusset-plate 4 to receive the end of the center sill 5. The center sill is preferably formed in three sections, the long middle section between the two bolsters and the two splices, which extend between the bolsters and the end plates orsills 6V of the underframe. The center sill mayif desired, be spliced through the bolsters 5 but I ind that the construction shown affords greater strength. The center sill 5 lis made uof the widely-separated ara-'llel plates .5", w lich lare preferably truss-slliaped and joined by the wide bottom plate 52'and the wide .top or floor plate 7, suitable angle-rbars 5? and 54 beinginterposed between the vertical .and the horizontal plates. The end 4olf the center sill is spliced to the inner side of the bolster by heavy angles or plates 5*", and 5 represents the splice end of the centersill, composed .of parallel plates or beams and preferably reinforced by the box-girder- 57', which la/tter is arranged to contain the draft-rigging. Suitable splice plates join the end-s of' the parts 5" and 57 to the forward side ofthe bolster and the end plate or sill of the car. It will be noted that the top or floor plate 7 of the center sill extends from end tol end of the car across the bolsters, tying the spliced parts firmly together. To accommodate this arrangement of the center-sill floor-plate, the floor-plate 3 of the bolster is arched or formed over the plate 7, as shown in Figs. 2 4and 3, The bolster is thus given great (see 3".)

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strength in its upper chord without sacrificing Y `beams 9 and the superstructure -base members 10, which latter are the only partsin my car that correspond in position to the `ordi' nary side sills-or girders and which serve a different purpose. vEach cross-beam 8 is made in two parts or bracketsVas shown in Figs. 5 and. brackets are practically of the same depth as the-center sill, and each bracket comprises the triangular plate 8', supplemented by the angle-bars 82, extending around the edge of the plate upon opposite sides'. The butts of the brackets are riveted to the sides of the center sill. The tops of the brackets are preferably flush with the under surface of the ongitudinal floorfplate 7 and are covered by short transverse floor-plates 11, ,the inner ends of which abut against the edges of the floor-plate 7. The brackets are preferably strengthened by the. upright intermediate angle-bars 83, and, if desired, the cross-beam as a whole may be strengthened by the employment of one or `more diaphragms or iilll sters ork transoms.

ers within the center sill, as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6. 12 12 represent the edge floorplates. bracket-beams, the bolsters, and the end sills and are there secured.- They extendthe full length of the underframe and are supplemented by the narrow endor platform plates 12. These plates form the outside chords of the frame. The superstructure base members 10 are wide shallow channelbeams. The flanges of these beams preferably extend outwardly, the vbottoms of the channels forming the smooth inner side walls f of the car-body. The channels or beams 10 may be comparatively light.' Theyrest upon the large plates12 and are supported by the bracket-beams .and the bolsters and are subjected to little more than the lateral stress of the load that may b e contained in the carbody. The proportions of the parts are such that the bracket-beams 8 serve to and are intended to support the lateral load on each side of the center sill between the main bol- The base members or beams 10 are preferably of less length than the underframe, being coextensive with the car-body, which isI shorter than the underframe to the extent to which the ends of the car-body are set back of the end sills. The channelbeam superstructure-base for the body is preferably extended around the ends The inner ends of these These are laid upon the ends of the of the car, as shown bythe short channelbeam '10 in Figs. 1, 3, and 4. These end beams 10 rest upon the end plates 12', that correspond to the edge plates 12. A perfectly stable and rigid base for the superstructure upon the underframe is thus ob'- tainedyand effectively strengthens the superstructure against horizontal lateral blows and strains, particularly those directed from the interior vof the car, as at times when the car is being loaded with heavyy rocks or chunks of ore. The car-body above the channel-beam base may be of any desired construction and material; but I prefer to make it of wood, using heavy planks 13, lthe lower ones of which rest upon the upper flanges of the channel beams or sills 10,

which make a good foundation therefor. The security of this foundation and the stability of the lower corners of the car-body afforded by the metallic construction enable me to `dispense with many of the uprightstrengthening bars or stakes that are usually employed. These stakes 14 are arranged at` convenient intervals, preferably at the ends of the bolsters and the cross-beams, and comprise wooden or angle or channel bars, the lower ends of which extend to the licor-linee# `to wit., the tops of the iloor-plates-and are secured, preferably, to the inner sides of the channel beams 10 the connections being supplemented by suitable angle or gusset i lates'14/. The side and end planks 13 are bolted or riveted to the stakes, and the corners of the car-body are finished by cornerplates 13, applied to the outside and, if desired, the inside also. The structure maybe modified, as illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, wherein the stakes are applied to the outside of the car, being riveted to the channels 10, which are here reversed. In this case I sometimes prefer to extend the ends of the stakes down across the ends of the bolsters and cross-beams, making theconnections by means ofthe angle-plates 142. I do not advocate this construction, as I prefer the arrangement ofthe stakes within the car-body, so as to leave the exterior free from ribs or projections, which are always an element of danger.

It will be observed that large spaces are left between the end sills and the bolsters and between the bolsters and cross or bracket beams. These spaces are occupied by the drop-doors, which may be of either wooden or metallic construction. The doors are of the same width throughout the car, and I preferably use only two doors 15 15 between the bolster and the end sill, one on each side of the center sill. It would be possible to use a single door between the bolster and the adjacent bracket-beam; butin mostcases a single door of this length would prove inccnven-.

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as in the case of the bracket-beams.A

door.

bracket-beams at the middle of the car. I ltherefore divide each such S ace intov two or more parts by one or more o the short crossbeams or fillers 9, that eXtend from the center sill to the side beams 10, having their outer lends secured to the edge plates and the lower iianges to the beams 10. The intermediate :doors are thus made of about the same length as the end doors and may be identical therewith, so that the load areas of the doors will be the same throughout the car. The floorplates 1l of the auxiliary or iiller vbeams named are wider than the tops of said beaas,

ee Figs. 1 and 2* and the detail Figs. 7, 8, and 9.) These transverse floor-plates 11 1 1, each overhanging its beam, correspond to theoverhanging edges of the center sill, with its floorplate 7 and the edge and end plates 12 and 12. The doors 15, Whether made of metal plates or of wooden planks, as shown, are iianged or4 rabbeted to receive these overhanging edges of the sills and beams, so that the tops of the doors may be flush or in the same plane with the floor-plates7, 12, 12', 1 l,

and 11l The joints formed are tight and all danger of car leakage is avoided. The doors may be hinged between the outer ends of the .several transverse parts or beams when it is desired t0 adapt the car for center-ballasting purposes; but in most cases I prefer to hinge the doors upon the center sill, as illustrated, yusing simple hinge parts 15', that are preferably attached to the horizontal Aflanges of the angle-bars 152,l which I use tol strengthen and form a frame for the planks. makingup each The hinge attachments may be made to the side. plates of the center sill or to the lateral portions of the cross-beams, as may ,prove most convenient; but in every case the hinge is preferably set well back under the overhanging topflange of the center sill.

@The outer edges of the door are preferably provided with the depending lugs 153, toy

which the drop orsupporting chains 16 are attached. These chains are wound on the winding-shafts 17, that have bearings in the ends of the several cross-beams and the bolsters. The shafts are most kconveniently accommodated directly beneath the large plates 12 and are protected thereby. .The winding and locking devices 18 are arranged on the end sills. of the underframe and may4 be of any suitable construction. By means of the` same the shafts may be-locked to hold the doors in their raised normal positions or unlocked to permit the doors to fall and discharge they contents of'thecar Thel devices k18 a-re also adapted for rotating the shafts tovwind up thechains and raise the-doors` The arrangement of the winding-shafts within the v`vertical planes ofthe car sides is particularly advantageous, as the winding-shafts and chains are thus removed from the usual eX posed positions on the sides of the car and no longer form dangerous side projections.

When the doors of the car are in their normal positions, the car is very similar to an ordinary flat-bottomed gondola car and has all the advantages of such a car, including the particular feature of a solid and perfectly level iioor with straight sides and ends, giving the car full capacity for any kind of freight. As a dump-car it possesses the important characteristic of being self-cleaning. The small quantity of material that will finally lodge upon the wide center sill may be disregarded in this connection. The center sill when cleared is wide enough to serve as a runway or walk, and the trainmen and workmen may therefore traverse the car with safety, whether or not the doors are in their raised positions. makes the car capable of withstanding the heaviest of bumping or ulling strains.

An essential and novel eature of my invention is the center sill that is of the same width from end to end, permitting the employment of doors. of uniform width.v

As it is obvious that numerous modifications of my invention will readily suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, I do not confine the same to the specified constructions herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A dum-pin -cal` underframe, provided with a center silI, and with bolsters or transoms arranged between the ends of said sill, in combination with a Hoor-plate extending from end to end of saidsill, and transverse floor-plates covering said bolsters or transoms and extending across the center-sill floor-plate, substantially as described.

2. In a. dumping-car underframe, the center sill, in combination, with the bolsters or transoms, framed with said sill at intermediate points thereon, a continuous floor sheet or plate provided on the top of said center sill and of substantially the same length and continuous floor-plates` for said bolsters, overlying the center-sill floor-plate, substantially as described.-

3.. A car of the class described, having an underframe comprising the bolsters or transoms, in combination, with a wide, center sill to withstand the buing or bumping and pullin strains and sustain the load', two or more bracket-beams extending from the intermediate portions of said center sill, suitable edge Hoor-plates or floor-sections, and doors filling Ithe spaces between such. parts,

substantially as described. 4. In a car-underframe, the bolsters or transoms, in combination with the center sill, composed of parallel members bound by plates. in horizontal planes, the bracket- IOO IIO

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r sills and beams, substantially as described.

5. In a car-underframe, the bolsters or transoms, in combination with the center sill, composed of parallel members bound byf plates in horizontal planes, the bracketbeams supported-by said center sill between said bolsters, the end sills, the base members Vsupported by said bolsters, bracket-beams and end sills and the drop-doors normally in the plane of the top of said centersill, substantially as described.- 5

6; In a car-underframe, the bolsters o'r transoms, in combination with the center sill, composed of parallel members bound by plates in horizontal planes, the bracket- ,beams supported by said centersill between,

` said bolsters, the rend sills, the base members supported by said bolsters, bracket-beams and end sills and the drop-doors arranged in two sets, one on each side of said center sill, and each said set extending from end sill to end sill of the car.

7. Ina freight and dump car, the center sill,\in combination with the bolsters, the intermediate bracket-beams extending from said center sill, the car sides supported by said bolsters yand bracket-beams, the drop- .tially as described.

8. In a combinedfreight and dump car, the combination-of the center sill with the several transverse elements extending therefrom, said sill and said elements having floorplates 4in substantially the, same plane'the hinged doors between said elements, having their tops in the plane of said plates, and the edge Hoor-plates arranged upon the ends of said transverse elements, substantially as' described. e

y9. In a combinedfreight and dump car, the combinationof the center-sill'with the several transverse elements extending therefrom, said sill and said` elements having floorpatesin substantially the sameA plane, the

'nged doors between said' elements, having their tops in the plane of said plates and the edge floor-plates arranged upon lthe ends of said `transverse elements, the edges of said floor-plates overhan 'ng the edges" of said doors and making tig t joints therewith, substantially as described.

10. In a combined freight and dump car, a suitable underframe provided with do or-openings, in combination with the flanged beams or base members, resting upon said underframe and `a superstructure whereof said members constitute the base, substantially Y as described.

11. In a combined freight and dump car, a suitable underframe provided with door-op enings, in combination with the flanged 'beams or base members, resting upon said underframe, a superstructure whereof said members constitute the base, and suitable stakes forming a part of the superstructure and having their lower ends fastened upon said members, substantially as described.

12. In a freight-car, the bolsters, in coml bination with the flanged base members,

resting upon the tops of said bolsters and having vertical webs, the car-sides erected on said base members and a suitable car-floor, substantially as described. A u

13. In a combined freight and dump car, the center beam, in combination with the bolsters extending therefrom, suitable auxiliary transverse beams or members, the floorplates, includingthe edge Hoor-plates 12 and 12', framing the openings of the underframe thus formed and a plurality of hinged doors normally closing said openings, substantially as described. i

14. In a combined freight and dump car, the center beam, in combination with the bolsters Vextending therefrom, suitable auxiliary transverse beams or members, the floorplates, including the edge floor-plates `12 and 12', framing the openings of the underframe thus formed, a plurality of hinged doors normally closing said openings and the superstructure base, comprising flanged girders, having their lower flanges secured upon said edge floor-plates, substantially as described. 15.` In a dumping-car, the combination, of the transverse members of the underframe and the drop-doors arranged between the same, with `the edge floor-plates arranged IOO upon the ends of said members, and the doort operating mechanisms, in the ends of said elements, beneath said floor-plates, substantially as described.

16. In a dumping-car, the combination of l bracket-beams and whereto the outer ends of said fillers are secured, thedrop-doors, and

the hinge and operating-supports therefor,

adjacent to said center sill and said base members, substantially as described.

18. In a combined freight and dumping car, a 'suitable underframe provided with a ings plurality `oli door-openings, Acombination with doors normally yfill-ing said openings and hinged at their inner edges, each of sald'doors extending from the center sill ofthe underframe to the side sill thereof, the car sides resting upon said underframe, and dooroperating shafts arranged beneath said sides and connected with said doors, substantially as described.

i9. In a combined freight and dumping car, a center sill, in combination With ltransverse elements, vcar sides -arranged on the underiirame thus formed, La pilurali'ty of dropdoors filling the openings 'in said undertrame and hinged adjacent to said Vcenter sill, and

astenings for the free ends of said doors, beneath the car sides, Ieacfh said door vextending from said center sil-1 to ja car side, substan-2 tially as described.

20. in a combined freight :and ldumping car, a suitable center sill, .provided with a floor-plate, combination with transverse elements lincluding the bolsters, trained with said center sill, the flanged beams having verticali Webs and lforming the car sides, iloor- .plates beneath said beams, and a plurality of 5 doors having their edges underlying saidr` floor-plates, substantially as described.

2. A vcombined freight and dump carj body, com rising suitable bolsters, xin combii l.nation Wit 'the ycen-ter sill, :framed with said bolsters and having a Wide, flat top, suitable cross-beams Yincluding end sil-ls, suitable base members resting 'upon said beams, and a pluralli-ty of vdoors occupying the spaces be- 1 tween ytbe sills, beams .and base members and extending lto the car sides, substantiallyaspy described.

22. A dumping-car underirame, hafving a center sill rframed -W-ith the-center sill vat 1rintery mediate points thereof, bolsters and end-sills,

in combination 'With a continuous floor-plate, arched over the center sill, extending `from4 end to end -of the bolster, and riveted to it, substantially as described.

tially as described.

intermediate bracket-beams extending trom said center sill, suitable end sills, the `carv sides restingl upon the ends of said 'bolsters and bracket-beams, said .car sides lbeing yprincipally supported ljfrom the center sill through 'the medium of said bracket-beams, and two sets `of drop-doors filling the opensides; said center sill being capable of susbetween the 4center sill and said car' topped center sill, intermediate -bracketbeams extending from said center sill., theicar sides having their intermediate portions supported by said beams, sets ofdrop-doors on opposite sides of saidcenter silland substantially in the plane Iof the top thereof, means l for supporting the tree ends of said doors and means :closing the door-joints, ltihe arrangement being such that the car-'load is substantially Wholly sustained by said-center sill and said bolsters, substantially as described.

.26. In la combined reight :and dump Roar, =a center sill, in combination With the bracketbeams and 'bolsters extending therefrom, said center sill having :a Wide, flat topiormm a runway, -as described, drop-doors, binge' adjacent to said `center sill, and normally iin the planeet the top thereof, Aand parts resting upon the `ends 'of said bolsters and bracketbeams and lapping over the iireeedges ofsaid doors, substantially 'as described.

27. 2In acombined ireiglit and dump foar, =a center sill, combination With the bracketbeams and bolsters Aextending therelirom, said center sill having .a wide, Idat t op termin a runway Eas described, `drop-doors, hinge adjacent to said center sill, land normally the plane o'f the -top thereof, parts resting upon the ends of said bolsters and bracketbeams .and lappingover ithe tree edges oi sa'fid doors, 'and suitable lmeans underlying said doors for operating and supporting them, substantially as described.

28. In a combined Jfreight and dump car, an nnderi'frame comprising 'a Wide-topped box-girder-'like center sill, in 'combination with bolsters, bracket-beams and nilers, -extending trom said center sill, car sides supported upon the ends of said bolsters, bracketbeams and llflers vand a pluralityof dropdoors :hinged adjacent to said center sill, normally closing the openings of the underirame and 4'completing the `floor thereof, substantially asdescribed.

'29. In a dumping-car undertrame, the bolstersand Ithe intermediate bracket-beams, in ycombination a Wide box-girder-like l .center sill capable of and for sustaining the .24. -In a dumping-car underirame, .tlreK bolsters, in combination With a -center sill,"

maximum carJload, car sides land v'ends ysupported by saidcenter sill through the medium of said bolsters and Kbracket-beams, :and a plurality of drop-doors'=each iextending from said center sill to said y'carrsides, substantially as described.

30. Tn a combined freight and Adump car, the center sill, in combination with bolsters #framed therewith, one or more bracketbeams extending from each side of said center sill, transverse iillers arranged between IOO `as described.

31. In a dumping-car underframe, a center sill, in combination with end sills, bolsters, cross-beams, a continuous 'llat floorsheet overlying said center sill, continuous i edge floor sheets or `plates parallel with the center `floor-sheet and secured upon said end sills, bolsters and cross-beams, and suitable transverse flat floor-sheets upon said en d sills, bolsters and cross-beams, substantially as described.

82. In a dumping-car underframe, a center sill, in combination with end sills, bolsters, cross-beams, a flat floor-sheet overlying said center sill, edge floor sheets or plates parallel with the center floor-sheet and secured upon said end sills, bolsters and cross-beams, suitable transverse atufloorsheets upon said end sills, bolsters, crossbeams, and doors hinged within the under- Iframe with their edgesunderlying said floorsheets, substantially as described.

33. In a dumping-car underframe, a center sill, in combination with end sills, bolsters, cross-beams, a continuous fiat floorsheet overlying said center sill, continuous edge floor sheets or plates parallel with the center floor-sheet and secured upon saidend sills, bolsters and cross-beams, suitable transverse flat floor-sheets upon said end sills, bolsters, cross-beams, and doors hinged within the underframe with their edges underlying said floor-sheets, substantially as described.

34:. In a combined freight and dump car, a

center sill, in combination with bolsters,'

suitable cross-beams, a superstructure base comprising upright channel members resting upon said bolsters, two sets of dropdoors eX-v tending from end sill to end sill, on opposite sides of said center sill, each said door eX- tending from said center sill to said channel members, and means for operating said doors, substantially as described.

35. Ina combined freight and dump car, a center sill, in combination with holsters, suitable cross-beams, a superstructure base comprising upright flanged beams resting uponsaid bolsters, two sets of drop-doors extending from end sill to end sill, on opposite sides of said centersill, each said door eX- tending from said center sill to a hanged beam, suitable stakes secured to saidflanged beams, and wooden planks resting upon said flanged beams and secured to said stakes, substantially as described;

36. In a dumping-car, a center sill, in combination with bolsters, intermediate bracketbeams, end sills, car sides supported by said bolsters and bracket-beams, drop-doors forming the car-floor, and winding-shafts journaled in said holsters, beams and end sills, for operating said drop-doors, substantially as described.

37. In a combined freight and. dumping car, car sides, in combination, with an underframe, a flat level car-Hoor upon the top of said underframe, said floor being substantially entirely composed of drop-doors, doorhinges adjacent to the center sill of the underframe, and door-operating shafts supported by the said. underframe adjacent to said car sides, substantially as described.

sa A Combined freight and dump @ar having a level floor substantially wholly composed of drop-doors, a center-sill structure j doors, substantially as described.

39. In a combined freight or dump car, the transverse members of an underframe, in combination with car sides arranged thereon', edge floor-plates, floor-forming drop-doors hinged at their inner ends, depending outi wardlyextending lugs upon said doors adapted to close beneath said edgefloor-y plates, winding-shafts arranged beneath said edge floor-plates, and means connecting said shafts and lugs, substantially as described.

40. In a combined freight` and dump car, an underframe provided with a plurality of door-openings, in combination with car sides, two series of doors hinged adjacent the sides of the center sill of the car and forming substantially an entire level car-floor, down-- wardly and outwardl extending lugs upon the free ends of said (fbors, and door-operating shafts provided in said underframe and connected with said lugsfor raising and lowering said doors, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this 2d day of May, 1903, at St. Louis, Missouri, in the presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR LIPSCHUTZ. Witnesses:

WILLIAM II. STADLER, JACOB H. WEIsBRoD.

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